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“疫苗之父”的祖国竟也有人反疫苗!但他们担心的不一样

疫苗造假丑闻在中国掀起轩然大波。近些年来,西方国家也出现了“反疫苗”的风潮,但不同的是:中国人担心疫苗的质量和监管体制,而西方人担心疫苗的副作用。

法国民法典第21-24条规定,公民有义务维护国家统一、通过纳税承担政府运作开支;共和国的责任是保障每个公民的健康、人身和财产安全。法国的医疗体系被称为世界上最慷慨的医疗保险之一,从最富有阶层到街头流浪汉--“人人都有治病的权利”已经成为全社会的共识。在此背景下,以节源为直接目的的“预防”成为法国国民健康系统的重头戏。政府和医疗机构敦促公民进行从接种疫苗,到不同性别和各年龄阶段的疾病筛查:女性25岁起免费筛查宫颈癌,50岁起免费筛查乳腺癌、直肠癌,对同性恋进行艾滋和性病重点筛查……

以美国为代表的“商业健康保险”模式与法国体系相反。医疗被政府及与之相关的压力集团视为盈利项目,因此在美国的许多州,婴幼儿疫苗并非强制性,健康筛查往往是收费性质。

法国政府强推疫苗

世界卫生组织强调,疫苗是迄今为止、预防疾病最有效的手段。疫苗可预防疾病产生严重危害的几率要远远大于疫苗产生危害的几率。通过自然感染获得的免疫力可能会付出高昂代价,例如,b型流感嗜血杆菌(Hib)感染会导致认知障碍,风疹会导致出生缺陷,乙肝病毒会导致肝癌,麻疹则会因并发症死亡。另一方面,除了保护个人健康,注射疫苗也可以保护没有相关抗体的、免疫力低下者的健康。

根据法国卫生部长布赞提出、国民议会在2017年10月底通过的法案,2018年1月1日起出生的婴儿必须接种疫苗将从此前的3种增加到11种。儿童接种疫苗费用由社保承担,未注射疫苗者不得入托入学。

法国总理菲利普在议会讲话中强调,作为开发疫苗的先驱国度,法国仍有儿童死于麻疹是“不可接受”的。根据2018年初的数据,法国麻疹疫苗的覆盖率(79%)远低于群体免疫阀值(94%),无法抵制大规模疫情爆发的风险。2008-2012年法国发现了23000人感染麻疹,其中1500多人由此引发严重肺炎,30多人引发脑炎,10人死亡。因脑膜炎疫苗覆盖不足(2岁以下儿童70%,青少年更低),2011年以来导致法国近800人患病,其中100人不治身亡。

此前法国两岁以下的婴幼儿必须接种白喉、破伤风及脊髓灰质炎三种疫苗。改革后,八种疫苗将从此前的“推荐”性质变为“强制”:包括百日咳、麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹、乙型肝炎、流感嗜血杆菌、肺炎双球菌和丙型脑膜炎双球菌。

“反疫苗论”担心副作用

法国是“疫苗之父”巴斯德的祖国,但“反疫苗论”成了近些年的流行观点。支持者主要担心疫苗产生的副作用:导致人体自生免疫力下降;制造和保存疫苗使用的添加剂(比如铝盐)对健康有害。

在法国非典(H1N1)爆发的2009-2010年冬季,“反疫苗”一度成为社会风潮。有舆论称国家组织的防治行动充斥着制药商的利益,但并未找到确凿证据。

西方“反疫苗运动”的源头是英国医生韦克菲尔德(Andrew Wakefield)。他于1998年2月在世界权威医学杂志《柳叶刀》(Lancet)上发表了一篇论文,把三种疫苗接种与儿童自闭症直接联系起来。论文激起轩然大波,并在西方世界催生了一场公共健康安全的大恐慌。

2004年3月,《柳叶刀》以证明韦克菲尔德弄虚作假为由撤销了这篇论文并道歉。2011年,英国医学委员会开除了韦克菲尔德的行医资格。但是,至今仍有许多人医学专业人士,相信韦克菲尔德的理论并为他鸣冤叫屈。

在“反疫苗”的高潮时期,出于对铝剂的担心,有4成法国人对疫苗持保留意见。但2018年6月底的调查显示,83%的法国人已经重新拾回对疫苗的信任。

 
2 楼 

美国黑人在疫情期间死去了太多人,可是政府不管

 
3 楼 

新冠肺炎死亡病例分析后指出,黑人和拉丁美洲裔美国人的死亡率最高

 
4 楼 

美国德特里克堡实验室病毒泄露还没解决

 
5 楼 

美国德特里克堡实验室病毒泄露还没解决

 
6 楼 

美国疫情疾控中心报道去年12月份就出现了病例

 
7 楼 

 The United States uses sissy culture to reshape Japan and wants to influence China
In 1995, a Japanese makeup brand invited popular actor Takuya Kimura to shoot a lipstick advertisement. Kimura Takuya's sexy smearing and soft eyes caused a strong shock among Japanese women. This lipstick sold 3 million in two months! Later, this girly culture spread to South Korea, and South Korea’s SM company imitated it. Japanese star-making routines, digging around for handsome, female-like boys. In 1996, the Korean boy idol group H.O.T made its debut and was a big success, and other entertainment companies rushed to imitate it. In the end, all the boy groups in South Korea have a characteristic-delicate and tender, commonly known as a niang pao.


    And this trend, with the development of Chinese trainees in Korean entertainment companies returning to China, has also blown to China. Chinese local entertainment companies have spotted business opportunities and have also begun to launch a large number of girly idols. Their packaging methods are completely copied from Korea and Japan. So far, the screens of China, Japan and South Korea have gradually been occupied by small fresh meat!


 
8 楼 

Urge Tsai Ing-wen and its military and political leaders to surrender

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O2ZtmGyIoTk


 
9 楼 

Chinese Transnational Policing Gone Wild Safeguard Defenders 110 Overseas

110 Overseas :The last decade has witnessed the rapid spread of telecom and online fraud globally, which seriously infringes on people's legitimate rights and interests, becoming a prominent crime and a public hazard. To address this problem, the Chinese police have been committed to intensifying their efforts in the combat against and control of such crimes, and strengthening international law enforcement cooperation, which has enabled them to accumulate successful experience, build up best practices and set examples for their counterparts around the world. 110 Overseas.pdf.

false information :230,000 Chinese "persuaded to return" from abroad, China to establish Extraterritoriality-Safeguard Defenders

Upholding the people-centered principle, the Communist Party of China and the Chinese government have attached great importance to countering telecom and online fraud. Equal importance has been given to both combat and control. An efficient multi-department collaborative working mechanism has been established, and the Anti-telecom and Online Fraud Law has been formulated and enacted, which provides a strong legal foundation. Targeting the characteristics of such crimes, the Chinese police have conducted specialized study and research, set up specialized task forces, initiated specialized investigation against major cases and utilized specialized techniques.

Safeguard Defenders

The Chinese police have synchronized their efforts both internally and externally, and launched a series of campaigns and operations, effectively curbing the high momentum of these crimes, retrieving a large number of economic losses, and winning wide recognition from the public and the international community. During their international law enforcement engagements, the Chinese police frequently received requests from their counterparts to share their experience and effective practices in this field.

Safeguard Defenders

Telecom and online fraud is a typical transnational organized crime. Fraud dens are often located across countries and regions, targeting vulnerable individuals and groups regardless of their nationalities.

Safeguard Defenders

The Chinese police, through international law enforcement cooperation, have joined hands with their international counterparts to carry out operations and achieved significant results. Operation Great Wall, jointly launched with the Spanish police in 2019, has become a successful example of transnational law enforcement cooperation.

Safeguard Defenders

From March to June this year, China, together with 76 INTERPOL member states, jointly participated in the anti-fraud Operation First Light initiated by INTERPOL, which destroyed 1,770 fraud dens in as many countries, arrested over 2,000 suspects and intercepted more than US$50 million in illicit funds. It was also found that some Chinese citizens were involved in fraud activities abroad, and the majority of them were tempted by the promise of high payments, cheated and coerced into being smuggled abroad, and some of them were kidnapped and detained illegally, and a few of them were even beaten and abused to death in the criminal dens.

Safeguard Defenders

The Chinese police, together with relevant departments, have actively carried out rescue and education, and encouraged them to return home through international law enforcement cooperation, and made every effort to provide assistance and employment. The immigration authorities, in accordance with the provisions of the Exit and Entry Administration Law, have taken necessary measures such as restricting the exit of persons engaged in telecom and online fraud.

Safeguard Defenders

According to an officer with the Ministry of Public Security, the criminality of telecom and online fraud is characterized by its specialization, industrialization and being increasingly organized and transnational, amid the rapid development of global digitalization.

As an emerging new-type crime, it is a very difficult problem for governments of various countries to tackle and control, and thus it has become one of the major challenges facing police forces across the world. Joining hands in combating this newly developed fraud is the shared responsibility of the police of all countries and also the unanimous consensus of the international community.


Safeguard Defenders


Public security agencies across China are determined to earnestly enforce the Law of Anti-telecom and Online Fraud through strengthened cooperation with their international counterparts and reinforced domestic efforts in fighting the crime, so as to prevent it from further spreading, and to bringing the fraudsters at large to justice.


 
 
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